河
河
Rivers
济南得名于“济水之南”，自古以来，城外有济水、黄河、小清河、巨野河，城内有历水、泺水等河流交错相织。目前，济南的河流主要有黄河和小清河两大水系，还有环绕老城区的护城河，以及南北大沙河，玉符河，绣江河，巨野河等。
Jinan is named for its being in the “South of Ji River”. Since ancient times, rivers like the Ji River, the Yellow River, the Xiaoqinghe River as well as the Juye River criss-cross outside the city, while inside the city flow the Li River and Luo River. At present, the Yellow River and Xiaoqinghe River form the city’s river systems. And besides, there are the moat surrounding the old city, and also the South and North Dasha Rivers, the Yufu River, the Xiujiang River, and the Juye River.
黄河，济南是黄河流经的最后一座省会城市，紧邻市区西部和北部，绕城50公里的黄河防洪工程环抱济南，站在市区东北部华山顶上，可尽揽黄河九曲十八弯的神韵姿彩。
Jinan is the last provincial capital washed by the Yellow River before it enters the sea. Running along the western and northern parts of the city, the Yellow River Flood Control Project, which is 50 kilometers around the city, surrounds Jinan. And a commanding view of the charming twisting course of the Yellow River spreads before the eyes on the top of Mount Hua in the northeastern part of the city.
小清河，源起济南市泉群，拥有八百年历史，流经济南市槐荫、天桥、历城、章丘区，从潍坊寿光市羊角沟入渤海，全长237公里，是一条防洪除涝、灌溉、航运综合利用河道。过去小清河航业发达，目前济南正推进小清河全面复航。
Xiaoqinghe River, with its origins from the springs group of the City, has a history of 800 years. It runs through Huaiyin, Tianqiao, Licheng and Zhangqiu Districts of Jinan to Yangjiaogou in Shouguang of Weifang City where it joins the Bohai Sea. A 237-kilometer-long river, it is used for flood prevention, irrigation, and transportation. In the past, Xiaoqinghe River was a busy route for water transportation, and today the river is being restored as a waterway in Jinan.
护城河，亦称“济南环城河”，是古明府城墙外护城河，古称泺水、泺河，全长6.9公里，北与大明湖相连，是国内唯一的由泉水汇流而成的护城河。2010年，护城河全线通航，使济南成为全国唯一可乘船环游老城区的城市。
The moat, also known as the "Round-the-City River", is outside the ancient Mingfu City Wall and has been referred to as Luo River or Luohe River in the old times. The moat runs 6.9 kilometers and is connected with Daming Lake to the north. It is the only moat fed by spring waters in China. In 2010, the moat was fully opened to navigation, making Jinan the only city in China where tourists can take a boat to travel in the old urban area.
值班主任：田艳敏
